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Last Updated: 29/11/2022
Quantifying the spread of Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Objectives
To significantly improve understanding of the production and infectivity of gametocytes and the epidemiological impact of human immune responses. Specefic Objectives are:
- To perform the first-ever direct assessment of numbers of malaria parasites ejected by mosquitoes in relation to natural gametocyte densities.
- To perform the most comprehensive molecular evaluation of malaria transmission using novel genotyping approaches, longitudinal sampling of infections at unsurpassed resolution and state-of-the art analytical approaches.
- To quantify the impact of immune responses that reduce gametocyte density and infectivity by novel immune-profiling approaches and mathematical transmission models.
The malaria parasite gametocytes are the precursors of male and female gametes in the human host, formed through the developmental switch from asexual replication in erythrocytes. Gametocytes differentiate into male and female gametes in mosquito’s midgut, and after complete sexual reproduction, mature sporozoites accumulate in the vector’s salivary gland, ready to be inoculated into a new host. Many individuals in the endemic areas harbour low but transmissible gametocyte densities.
A major challenge for malaria elimination is its phenomenally efficient spread through sexual stage parasites (gametocytes). Many individuals in endemic settings harbour low but transmissible gametocyte densities. It is currently unclear how gametocyte density translates into the likelihood that an infected mosquito gives rise to secondary infections, who drive malaria transmission at population level and how anti-gametocyte immunity affects gametocyte production and infectivity.
This project will profoundly improve understanding of the production and infectivity of gametocytes and the epidemiological impact of human immune responses that influence these processes. The work in different African settings will provide a major leap forward in understanding the human infectious reservoir for malaria and has direct implications for elimination.
Combination of Interventions
Genetics and Genomics
Measurement of Transmission
Jul 2020 — Jun 2025
$2.3M